Background

Modelling the effects on the built environment of natural hazards such as riverine flooding, storm surges and tsunami is critical for understanding their economic and social impact on our urban communities. Geoscience Australia and the Australian National University have developed a hydrodynamic inundation modelling tool called ANUGA to help simulate the impact of these hazards.

The core of ANUGA is the fluid dynamics object, called anuga.Domain, which is based on a finite-volume method for solving the Shallow Water Wave Equation. The study area is represented by a mesh of triangular cells. By solving the governing equation within each cell, water depth and horizontal momentum are tracked over time.

A major capability of ANUGA is that it can model the process of wetting and drying as water enters and leaves an area. This means that it is suitable for simulating water flow onto a beach or dry land and around structures such as buildings. ANUGA is also capable of modelling hydraulic jumps due to the ability of the finite-volume method to accommodate discontinuities in the solution and the bed.

To set up a particular scenario the user specifies the geometry (bathymetry and topography), the initial water level (stage), boundary conditions such as tide, and any operators that may drive the system such as rainfall, abstraction of water, erosion or culverts. See Operators for the operators and structures available in ANUGA.

The procedure anuga.create_domain_from_regions lets the user set up the geometry of the problem from polygon regions and identify boundary segments and regions using symbolic tags. These tags may then be used to set the actual boundary conditions and attributes for different regions (e.g. the Manning friction coefficient) for each simulation.

Most ANUGA components are written in the object-oriented programming language Python. Software written in Python can be produced quickly and can be readily adapted to changing requirements throughout its lifetime. Computationally intensive components are written for efficiency in C routines working directly with Python numpy structures.

ANUGA results are stored as .sww (NetCDF) files. For fast, interactive viewing of large .sww files the recommended tool is the OpenSceneGraph-based ANUGA Viewer. Results can also be explored with the built-in anuga_sww_gui viewer, the SWW_plotter and Domain_plotter Python plotters, or by exporting to GIS such as QGIS. See Visualisation for the visualisation options.

See Mathematical Background for a full derivation of the governing equations, the finite volume discretisation, and the flux and slope limiting schemes used by ANUGA.